{"id":339,"date":"2026-05-11T23:56:32","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T14:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/?p=339"},"modified":"2026-05-19T01:14:12","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T16:14:12","slug":"%e6%94%b9%e5%8f%98%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e5%ad%90%ef%bc%9a%e8%8b%af%e9%85%9a%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%87%8d%e5%a1%91%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e5%b7%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/2026\/05\/11\/%e6%94%b9%e5%8f%98%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e5%ad%90%ef%bc%9a%e8%8b%af%e9%85%9a%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%87%8d%e5%a1%91%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e5%b7%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6539\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff1a\u82ef\u915a\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u5851\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u5de5\u4e1a"},"content":{"rendered":"

# \u6539\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff1a\u82ef\u915a\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u5851\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u5de5\u4e1a<\/p>\n

# 1. \u6458\u8981<\/p>\n

\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82ef\u915a(Phenol)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u4ec5\u662f\u6076\u81ed\u7164\u7126\u6cb9\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6599\uff0c\u5374\u6df1\u523b\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u7248\u56fe\u3002\u5728\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u674e\u65af\u7279\u5c06\u5176\u5f15\u5165\u75c5\u623f\u524d\uff0c\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u4e00\u573a\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u5bf9\u8d4c\u7684\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8f6e\u76d8\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u533b\u7597\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u915a\u919b\u6811\u8102\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u5851\u6599\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53f0\u7403\u684c\u4e0a\u610f\u5916\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e86\u5927\u8c61\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5a31\u4e50\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u82ef\u915a\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5e9f\u6599\uff0c\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\n \n<\/div>\n

# 2. \u53d1\u73b0\u53f2\u4e0e\u5316\u5b66\u80cc\u666f<\/p>\n

\u82ef\u915a\u51fa\u8eab\u5351\u5fae\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u8857\u5934\u666e\u53ca\u7164\u6c14\u706f\uff0c\u7164\u6c14\u5382\u5728\u6c14\u5316\u7164\u70ad\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6076\u81ed\u9ecf\u7a20\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u7164\u7126\u6cb9(Coal tar)$^{[1]}$\u30021834\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u5229\u5e03\u00b7\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u5fb7\u00b7\u9f99\u683c(Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge)\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee4\u5e02\u653f\u5934\u75bc\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5783\u573e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u65e0\u8272\u9488\u72b6\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u77f3\u70ad\u9178\u201d(Carbolic acid)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3a $C_6H_5OH$ \uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u82ef\u73af\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f9f\u57fa(Hydroxyl group)\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f31\u9178\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$C_6H_5OH \\rightleftharpoons C_6H_5O^- + H^+$$<\/p>\n

\n \n<\/div>\n

\u5b83\u7684pKa\u4e00\u822c\u5728 9.89~10.00 \u4e4b\u95f4\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$pKa(C_6H_5OH) = 9.89 \\sim 10.00$$<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u5408\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u82ef\u915a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u915a\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u82ef\u73af\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u79bb\u57df\u5927$\\pi$\u952e (Delocalized $\\pi$ bond) \u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u63a8\u7535\u5b50\u6548\u5e94 (Electron-donating effect)\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u82ef\u73af\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u5bc6\u5ea6 (Electron density)\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6613\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u4eb2\u7535\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u6d3b\u6027\u4f7f\u82ef\u915a\u80fd\u4e0e\u7532\u919b\u8fc5\u901f\u4ea4\u8054\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u7f51\u72b6\u805a\u5408\u7269\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u5e76\u51dd\u56fa\u7ec6\u83cc\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u65e5\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u5916\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n

\n \n<\/div>\n

# 3. \u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u5851\uff1a\u4ece\u4f4f\u9662\u75c5\u5230\u65e0\u83cc\u624b\u672f<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u89e3\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e16\u754c\u524d\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u75c5\u623f\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u7684\u533b\u9662\u5916\u79d1\u75c5\u623f\u5e38\u5f25\u6f2b\u7740\u574f\u75bd (Gangrene) \u4e0e\u8d25\u8840\u75c7 (Sepsis) \u7684\u8150\u81ed\u5473 $^{[1]}$\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u533b\u751f\u4e0d\u6d17\u624b\uff0c\u5e38\u4ee5\u6cbe\u6ee1\u9648\u65e7\u8840\u8ff9\u7684\u624b\u672f\u888d\u4e3a\u8363\uff0c\u89c6\u5176\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u52cb\u7ae0\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u76f8\u4fe1\u5316\u8113\u662f\u5eb7\u590d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u7279\u610f\u5c06\u7f1d\u5408\u7ebf\u7559\u957f\u5782\u5730\u4ee5\u6392\u51fa\u8113\u6db2 $^{[1]}$\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u77e5\u5bfc\u81f4\u622a\u80a2\u624b\u672f\u7684\u672f\u540e\u611f\u67d3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe $40\\%$ \u81f3 $70\\%$ $^{[1]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u201c\u4f4f\u9662\u75c5\u201d\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u533b\u751f\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u674e\u65af\u7279 (Joseph Lister) \u53d7\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7 (Louis Pasteur) \u5fae\u751f\u7269 (Microorganism) \u7406\u8bba\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfb\u627e\u80fd\u6740\u706d\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6293\u624b $^{[1]}$\u3002\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u6076\u81ed\u7684\u77f3\u70ad\u9178\uff08\u82ef\u915a\u7c97\u54c1\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u80c6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u30021865\u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u65af\u7279\u5229\u7528\u6d78\u6ce1\u8fc7\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u6577\u6599\u4e0e\u9521\u7eb8\u5305\u88f9\uff0c\u5947\u8ff9\u822c\u5730\u6cbb\u6108\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u9aa8\u6298 (Open Fracture) \u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u514d\u4e8e\u622a\u80a2 $^{[1]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u65e0\u83cc\uff0c\u674e\u65af\u7279\u751a\u81f3\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5411\u5168\u624b\u672f\u5ba4\u55b7\u6d12\u77f3\u70ad\u9178\u7684\u55b7\u96fe\u5668\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u624b\u672f\u573a\u666f\u6781\u5176\u72fc\u72c8\uff1a\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\u88ab\u82ef\u915a\u6f02\u767d\u3001\u5e72\u88c2\u751a\u81f3\u9ebb\u6728\uff0c\u523a\u9f3b\u7684\u96fe\u6c14\u8ba9\u4eba\u6076\u5fc3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u66f4\u7a98\u8feb\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u575a\u4fe1\u201c\u7634\u6c14\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6743\u5a01\u5927\u52a0\u5632\u8bbd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u201c\u5982\u679c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u81f4\u75c5\u5c0f\u866b\u5b50\u201d\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d $^{[1]}$\u3002\u540c\u884c\u5b81\u613f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u751f\u80e1\u841d\u535c\u818f\u7b49\u504f\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u53d7\u523a\u9f3b\u7684\u82ef\u915a\u6d88\u6bd2 $^{[1]}$\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u786c\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u6570\u636e\u6700\u7ec8\u538b\u5012\u4e86\u50b2\u6162\u3002\u82ef\u915a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u62b5\u6297\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\uff0c\u786c\u751f\u751f\u964d\u4e0b\u4e86\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u8ba9\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6562\u4e8e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u624b\u672f $^{[1]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

# 4. \u7269\u8d28\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\uff1a\u7535\u6728\u4e0e\u4eba\u9020\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u542f<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u6551\u4eba\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8f6c\u5411\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7d22\u53d6\u74f6\u9888\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u53f0\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u5408\u683c\u7403\u6599\u9700\u6d88\u8017\u6781\u9ad8\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u8c61\u7259\uff0c\u5e73\u5747 50 \u6839\u8c61\u7259\u624d\u53ef\u6311\u51fa 1 \u6839\u53ef\u7528\u539f\u6599\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u529b\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u6025\u9700\u7edd\u7f18\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5929\u7136\u866b\u80f6 (Shellac) \u6548\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7 1 \u78c5\u866b\u80f6\u9700\u8017\u8d39 1.5 \u4e07\u53ea\u7d2b\u80f6\u866b\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85 6 \u4e2a\u6708 $^{[1]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4ea7\u80fd\u538b\u529b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u30021907\u5e74\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u88d4\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u5229\u5965\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\u5170 (Leo Hendrik Baekeland) \u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u82ef\u915a\u4e0e\u7532\u919b\u6df7\u5408\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u867d\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u6d89\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u5e94\u5f80\u5f80\u5267\u70c8\u5931\u63a7\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u6beb\u65e0\u7528\u5904\u7684\u6b8b\u6e23\u3002\u8d1d\u514b\u5170\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e00\u53f0\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u8d1d\u514b\u83b1\u7279\u751f\u6210\u5668 (Bakelizer)\u201d \u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5728\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u6e29\u538b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7532\u919b\u4e0e\u82ef\u915a\u5206\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u8054\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7425\u73c0\u8272\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u201c\u7535\u6728\u201d\uff08\u915a\u919b\u6811\u8102 (Phenolic Resin)\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u70ed\u56fa\u6027\u5851\u6599 (Thermosetting Plastic)\uff0c\u6210\u578b\u540e\u5373\u4fbf\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7194\u5316\u53d8\u5f62\u3002\u7535\u6728\u7403\u78b0\u649e\u65f6\u80fd\u53d1\u51fa\u6781\u4f3c\u8c61\u7259\u7684\u6e05\u8106\u58f0\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u5176\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u7edd\u7f18\u3001\u8010\u70ed\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5916\u58f3\u53ca\u7535\u8def\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u82ef\u915a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u9996\u6b21\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u5bf9\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u5929\u7136\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u9762\u5408\u6210\u5168\u65b0\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u3002<\/p>\n

# 5. \u5982\u679c\u82ef\u915a\u672a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u82ef\u915a\u672a\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6570\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u786c\u6027\u963b\u65ad\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u957f\u671f\u505c\u6ede\uff1a\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u5e7f\u8c31\u6740\u83cc\u5242\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7 (Louis Pasteur) \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u627e\u5230\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6293\u624b $^{[1]}$\u3002\u533b\u9662\u4ecd\u5c06\u662f\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u6e29\u5e8a\uff0c\u65e0\u6570\u58eb\u5175\u6216\u56e0\u6781\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u5916\u4f24\u6b7b\u4e8e\u8d25\u8840\u75c7\uff0c\u800c\u5668\u5b98\u79fb\u690d\u7b49\u7cbe\u5bc6\u624b\u672f\u4e5f\u5c06\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65e0\u83cc\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u957f\u671f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7eb8\u9762\u4e0a $^{[4]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7535\u6c14\u5316\u666e\u53ca\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u65e0\u6cd5\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u6210\u672c\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7535\u6728 (Bakelite) \u8fd9\u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8f93\u7535\u7f51\u7edc\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u6602\u8d35\u3001\u6613\u788e\u6216\u6613\u53d7\u70ed\u8f6f\u5316\u7684\u5929\u7136\u6750\u6599 $^{[1]}$\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5fcd\u53d7\u8d5b\u7490\u73de (Celluloid) \u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u5ea6\u6613\u71c3\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u805a\u5408\u7269\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u6728\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6253\u53f0\u7403\u6216\u8005\u770b\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7206\u70b8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6781\u9650\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7528\u785d\u5316\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u8d5b\u7490\u73de\u7535\u5f71\u80f6\u7247\uff0c\u66fe\u4e8e1897\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u5f15\u53d1\u8fc7\u70e7\u6b7b120\u4eba\u7684\u6050\u6016\u5927\u706b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u540e\u6765\u653e\u6620\u5ba4\u7684\u5899\u58c1\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u94fa\u6ee1\u9521\u7b94\u6765\u9632\u706b$^{[1]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u751f\u6001\u60b2\u5267\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff0c20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6355\u730e\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6781\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u8c61\u53ca\u4ea7\u80f6\u6606\u866b\u5f7b\u5e95\u63a8\u5411\u706d\u7edd $^{[1]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\n \n<\/div>\n

# 6. \u73b0\u4ee3\u4e89\u8bae\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u6096\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u6697\u4e2d\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u82ef\u915a\u5408\u6210\u7535\u6728\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bfb\u627e\u66ff\u4ee3\u8c61\u7259\u548c\u5929\u7136\u866b\u80f6\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u51cf\u7f13\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u538b\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u7535\u6728\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u70ed\u56fa\u6027\u6750\u6599\u6c38\u8fdc\u4fdd\u6301\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u7194\u5316\u5851\u5f62\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u5730\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5236\u9020\u4e0d\u53ef\u964d\u89e3\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u7684\u5148\u6cb3\u3002\u7531\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u8054\u7ed3\u6784\u8087\u59cb\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5408\u6210\u5851\u6599\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u5fae\u5851\u6599\u6b8b\u7559\u548c\u571f\u58e4\u767d\u8272\u6c61\u67d3\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u4e3a\u4e86\u62ef\u6551\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u521b\u9020\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u6700\u96be\u6d88\u5316\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u82ef\u915a\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u5bf9\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u8fdd\u89c4\u6392\u653e\u5bf9\u6c34\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u82ef\u915a\u6eb6\u6db2\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u4eba\u4f53\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u707c\u4f24\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u804c\u4e1a\u533b\u5b66\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5176\u957f\u671f\u5de5\u4e1a\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6740\u622e\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u7ecf\u785d\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u82e6\u5473\u9178\uff08\u4e09\u785d\u57fa\u7532\u82ef, Trinitrotoluene\uff09\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u521d\u671f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u70c8\u6027\u70b8\u836f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u503e\u6cfb\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u60e8\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u62ef\u6551\u751f\u547d\u7684\u826f\u836f\u5230\u5265\u593a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u70b8\u836f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u82ef\u915a\u8eab\u4e0a\u6781\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u53cc\u9762\u6027 $^{[3]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
\n \n<\/div>\n

# 7. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u56de\u987e\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53f2\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a2\u7d22\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5fae\u89c2\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u8d77\u6b65\u4e8e 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u7164\u6c14\u7167\u660e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e2d\u523a\u9f3b\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6599\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u82ef\u73af\u4e0e\u7f9f\u57fa\u7ed3\u5408\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6781\u9ad8\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027 $^{[1]}$\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u9999\u5170\u7d20\u3001\u8fa3\u6912\u7d20\u7b49\u98ce\u5473\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u66fe\u5728\u4e00\u6218\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u4f24\u4ea1\u7684\u82e6\u5473\u9178 (Picric Acid) \u70b8\u836f\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8be5\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027 $^{[1]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82ef\u915a\u771f\u6b63\u5207\u5165\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u8109\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5316\u89e3\u4e86\u4e24\u573a\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5371\u673a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u573a\u5371\u673a\u53d1\u751f\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u8ba9\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u4e3e\u6b65\u7ef4\u8270\uff1b\u674e\u65af\u7279 (Joseph Lister) \u5229\u7528\u82ef\u915a\u51dd\u56fa\u7ec6\u83cc\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u533b\u5b66\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u65e0\u83cc\u9632\u8150\u4f53\u7cfb $^{[4]}$\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u5371\u673a\u6e90\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4e1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u6750\u6599\u7684\u69a8\u53d6\uff1b\u5728\u8c61\u7259\u548c\u5929\u7136\u866b\u80f6\u67af\u7aed\u4e14\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u8d5b\u7490\u73de (Celluloid) \u6781\u5ea6\u6613\u71c3\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d1d\u514b\u5170 (Leo Hendrik Baekeland) \u901a\u8fc7\u82ef\u915a\u4e0e\u7532\u919b\u7684\u4ea4\u8054\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u5851\u6599\u2014\u2014\u7535\u6728 (Bakelite) $^{[1]}$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7164\u6c14\u5382\u7684\u5e9f\u6599\u5230\u8de8\u8d8a\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6750\u6599\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bff\u547d\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u7269\u7406\u67b7\u9501\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u5e72\u9884\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5236\u9020\u70ed\u56fa\u6027 (Thermosetting) \u6750\u6599\u7684\u5148\u6cb3\uff0c\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u96be\u4ee5\u964d\u89e3\u7684\u5851\u6599\u6c61\u67d3\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66\u98ce\u9669 $^{[3]}$\u3002\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u91cd\u5851\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4eab\u53d7\u6280\u672f\u7ea2\u5229\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u5b83\u5bf9\u751f\u6001\u5faa\u73af\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

# 8. \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

[1] \u5f6d\u59ae\u00b7\u52d2\u00b7\u5e93\u7279, \u6770\u4f0a\u00b7\u5e03\u96f7\u68ee. \u300a\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u7ebd\u6263\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\u768417\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u5b50\u300b. \u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u82ef\u915a. \u4e2d\u6587\u7248.<\/p>\n

[2] Penny Le Couteur, Jay Burreson. Napoleon's Buttons: 17 Molecules That Changed History. Chapter 7: Phenol.<\/p>\n

[3] Wikipedia contributors. (2026, February 26). Phenol. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 11, 2026, from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phenol<\/p>\n

[4] Lister, J. (1867). On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery. The Lancet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u6539\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff1a\u82ef\u915a\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u5851\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u5de5\u4e1a\r\n\r\n1. \u6458\u8981\r\n\r\n\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82ef\u915a(Phenol)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u4ec5\u662f\u6076\u81ed\u7164\u7126\u6cb9\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6599\uff0c\u5374\u6df1\u523b\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u7248\u56fe\u3002\u5728\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u674e\u65af\u7279\u5c06\u5176\u5f15\u5165\u75c5\u623f\u524d\uff0c\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u4e00\u573a\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u5bf9\u8d4c\u7684\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8f6e\u76d8\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u533b\u7597\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u915a\u919b\u6811\u8102\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u5851\u6599\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53f0\u7403\u684c\u4e0a\u610f\u5916\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e86\u5927\u8c61\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5a31\u4e50\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u82ef\u915a\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5e9f\u6599\uff0c\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9\u3002\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n2. \u53d1\u73b0\u53f2\u4e0e\u5316\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\r\n\r\n\u82ef\u915a\u51fa\u8eab\u5351\u5fae\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u8857\u5934\u666e\u53ca\u7164\u6c14\u706f\uff0c\u7164\u6c14\u5382\u5728\u6c14\u5316\u7164\u70ad\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6076\u81ed\u9ecf\u7a20\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u7164\u7126\u6cb9(Coal tar)$^{[1]}$\u30021834\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u5229\u5e03\u00b7\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u5fb7\u00b7\u9f99\u683c(Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge)\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee4\u5e02\u653f\u5934\u75bc\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5783\u573e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u65e0\u8272\u9488\u72b6\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u77f3\u70ad\u9178\u201d(Carbolic acid)\u3002\r\n\r\n\u4ece\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u5206\u5b50...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":405,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"emotion":"","emotion_color":"","title_style":"","license":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[161,141],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-161","category-141"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=339"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":341,"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339\/revisions\/341"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wuhanqing.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}